UBrearley wenza insimbi engenasici ngo-1916 wafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza waseBritane kwaye waqala ukuvelisa ngobuninzi, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, intsimbi engatyiwa ngempazamo efunyenwe kwinkunkuma yaduma kwihlabathi liphela, uHenry Brearley ukwabizwa ngokuba "nguyise wentsimbi engenasici".Ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala, imipu yaseBritane kwindawo yedabi yayisoloko ithunyelwa ngasemva kuba igumbi lalinxitywe kwaye lingasetyenziswa.Amasebe emveliso yomkhosi ayalela ukuba kuphuhliswe amandla aphezulu okumelana nentsimbi ye-alloy Breer Li, ekhethekileyo ekusombululeni ingxaki yokunxitywa kwebhore.UBrearley kunye nomncedisi wakhe baqokelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi eziveliswe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeepropathi zentsimbi yealloy, kwiipropathi ezahlukeneyo zomatshini wokuvavanya ukusebenza, kwaye emva koko ukhethe intsimbi efanelekileyo ngakumbi kwimipu.Ngenye imini, bavavanya uhlobo lwentsimbi yasekhaya ene-chromium eninzi.Emva kovavanyo lokumelana nokugqoka, kwafunyaniswa ukuba le ngxube yayinganxibi, ebonisa ukuba ayinakusetyenziselwa ukwenza izibhamu.Ngoko babhala iziphumo zovavanyo kwaye baziphosa ekoneni.Ngenye imini, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, umncedisi wabaleka waya eBrearley ephethe intsimbi emenyezelayo."Mhlekazi," watsho, "Ndiyifumene i-alloy evela kuMnu. Mullah xa ndandicoca indawo yokugcina impahla. Ngaba ungathanda ukuyivavanya ukuze ubone ukuba isebenziseke kangakanani na!""Kulungile!"Watsho evuya uBrearley, ejonge intsimbi emenyezelayo.
Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ayiyoyiki i-asidi, i-alkali, ityuwa yensimbi engenasici.Insimbi engenasici yasungulwa yi-mullah yaseJamani ngo-1912, kodwa i-mullah yayingazi ukuba yenzelwe ntoni.
UBrearley wazibuza: "Ngaba olu hlobo lwentsimbi, olungagugiyo kodwa olungagugiyo, lunokusetyenziselwa itafile, hayi imipu?"Wathi owomileyo owomileyo, waqala ukwenza imela yeziqhamo zentsimbi engenastainless, ifolokhwe, icephe, ipleyiti yeziqhamo kunye nemela esongwayo.
Ngoku ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kuninzi ngakumbi, imfuno nayo iyanda, ngoko okulandelayo kukuthetha malunga nokwahlula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici.
Zonke iintsimbi zidibana neoksijini kwiatmosfera ukuze zenze ifilimu yeoksidi kumphezulu.Ngelishwa, i-iron oxide eyenza kwi-carbon steel eqhelekileyo iyaqhubeka i-oxidize, ivumela i-corrosion yande kwaye ekugqibeleni yenze imingxuma.Umphezulu we-carbon steel unokukhuseleka nge-electroplating ngepeyinti okanye i-oxidization-resistant metals ezifana ne-zinc, nickel kunye ne-chromium, kodwa, njengoko kwaziwa, olu khuselo luyifilimu encinci kuphela.Ukuba uluhlu olukhuselayo luphukile, intsimbi engaphantsi iqala ukugqwala.
Ukumelana nomoya, umphunga, amanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezibuthathaka ezidliwayo kunye ne-asidi, ialkali, ityuwa kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezidliwayo zentsimbi.Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-asidi engatyiwayo - intsimbi enganyangekiyo.Ekusetyenzisweni okusebenzayo, intsimbi enokumelana ne-corrosion ebuthathaka idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engatyiwa, kwaye intsimbi enekhemikhali yokumelana nomhlwa ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi enganyangekiyo kwi-asidi.Ngenxa yomahluko kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, eyeyangaphambili ayinyanzelekanga ukuba imelane nokubola okuphakathi kweekhemikhali, ngelixa le yokugqibela ixhathisa umhlwa ngokubanzi.Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-stainless steel 2 kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezixutywayo eziqulethwe kwintsimbi.I-Chromium yinto esisiseko yokwenza ukuxhathisa kwintsimbi engatyiwayo.Xa umxholo we-chromium kwintsimbi ufikelela malunga ne-12%, i-chromium kunye ne-oksijini kwindawo ephazamisayo isabela ukwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ebhityile kakhulu (ifilimu ye-self-passivation) kwindawo yentsimbi, enokuthi ithintele ukubola okungaphezulu kwe-matrix yentsimbi.Ukongeza kwi-chromium, i-alloy elements kunye ne-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-niobium, ithusi, i-nitrogen, njl.
Eyesibini, ulwahlulo lwensimbi engenasici luhlala lwahlulahlulwe lube:
1. Ferritic steel stainless.I-Chromium 12% ~ 30%.Ukumelana ne-corrosion, ukuqina kunye nokunyuka kwe-weldability kunye nokunyuka komxholo we-chromium, kunye nokuchasana kwayo ne-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion kungcono kunezinye iintsimbi ezingenasici.
2. Austenitic steel stainless.Iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-18% ye-chromium, i-8% ye-nickel kunye nenani elincinci le-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-nitrogen kunye nezinye izinto.Ukusebenza kakuhle okubanzi, kunokuxhathisa ukubola kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendaba.
3. Austenitic ferrite duplex steel stainless.Ineenzuzo ze-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic stainless steel, kwaye ine-superplasticity.
4. Martensitic steel stainless.Amandla aphezulu, kodwa iplastiki ihlwempuzekile kunye ne-weldability.
Ezintathu, iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici.
Isine, inkqubo yomgangatho wensimbi engenasici.
Ezintlanu, iimpawu zokupakishwa kwentsimbi nganye kunye neemveliso eziphambili zemveliso.
Ezinye izixhobo zentsimbi zasekhaya: i-Shandong Taigang, i-Jiangyin Zhaoshun, i-Xinghua Dayan, i-Xi 'an Huaxin, i-Southwest, i-East intsimbi ekhethekileyo, ezi mizi mveliso zincinci zisebenzisa inkunkuma kwi-plate yokuqengqeleka, inkqubo yokuvelisa ngasemva, umahluko womphezulu wepleyiti, akukho siqinisekiso sokusebenza koomatshini, into. umxholo kumzi-mveliso omkhulu uphantse ufane, ixabiso lingabizi kakhulu kunomzi-mveliso omkhulu onemodeli efanayo.
Izixhobo zentsimbi ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe: iShanghai Krupp, uMzantsi Afrika, uMntla Melika, iJapan, iBelgium, iFinland, itekhnoloji yemveliso yebhodi engeniswe kumazwe angaphandle, icocekile kwaye intle kumphezulu webhodi, i-trim trim, ixabiso liphezulu kunemodeli efanayo yasekhaya.
Ezintandathu, imodeli yentsimbi engenastainless kunye nobukhulu: ipleyiti yentsimbi engenanto iqulethe umthamo kunye nomthamo weplate yokuqala:
1. Umqulu wahlulwe waba ngumqulu obandayo kunye nomqulu oshushu osikiweyo, umqulu osikiweyo kunye ne-edge roll ekrwada.
2. Ubukhulu bekhoyili epholileyo epholileyo ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.3-3mm, kukho ubukhulu be-4-6mm yeshiti eliqengqelekayo elibandayo, ububanzi be-1m, 1219m, 1.5m, bubonakaliswa ngu-2B.
3. Ubukhulu bomthamo oshushu ogqityiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo yi-3-14mm, kukho i-16mm yevolumu, ububanzi yi-1250, 1500, 1800, 2000, kunye no-NO.1.
4. Imiqulu enobubanzi be-1.5m, 1.8m kunye ne-2.0m i-cut edge rolls.
5. Ububanzi bomqulu we-burr ngokuqhelekileyo buyi-1520, 1530, 1550, 2200 njalo njalo ububanzi kunobubanzi obuqhelekileyo.
6. Ngokwexabiso, imodeli efanayo ye-cut edge roll kunye ne-raw edge roll iyahluka ngokubanzi malunga ne-300-500 yuan.
7. Umthamo unokulungiswa ngokuhambelana nobude beemfuno zabathengi, emva kokuba umatshini wokuvula ubizwa ngokuba yi-plate evulekile.Cold rolling jikelele ukuvulwa 1m * 2m, 1219 * 2438 ukwabizwa ngokuba 4 * 8 iinyawo, hot rolling jikelele ukuvula 1.5m * 6m, 1.8m * 6m, 2m * 6m, ngokwezi sayizi ebizwa ngokuba ipleyiti eqhelekileyo okanye ipleyiti esisigxina.
Ipleyiti yoqobo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-single sheet rolling:
1. Ubukhulu bebhodi yokuqala ngokuqhelekileyo buphakathi kwe-4mm-80mm, kukho i-100mm kunye ne-120mm, obu bunzima bunokulungiswa ukuqengqeleka.
2. Ububanzi be-1.5m, 1.8m, 2m, ubude obungaphezulu kwe-6m.
3. Iimpawu: I-plate yasekuqaleni inomthamo omkhulu, ixabiso eliphezulu, ukukhethwa okunzima kunye nokuthutha okungahambi kakuhle.
Isixhenxe, umahluko wokutyeba:
1. Ngenxa yokuba oomatshini bokusila bentsimbi kwinkqubo yokuqengqeleka, umqulu ufudunyezwa ngotshintsho oluncinci, nto leyo ekhokelela kubunzima beplate yokutenxa, ubukhulu becala embindini kwaye bubhityile kumacala omabini.Xa ulinganisa ubukhulu bebhodi, urhulumente uya kulinganisa inxalenye ephakathi yentloko yebhodi.
2. Ukunyamezela ngokubanzi kwahlulahlulwe kukunyamezela okukhulu kunye nokunyamezelwa okuncinci ngokwemarike kunye nemfuno yabathengi.
Isibhozo, umyinge wemathiriyeli yentsimbi engatyiwa:
1. 304, 304L, 304J1, 321, 201, 202 ubunzima obuthile 7.93.
2. 316, 316L, 309S, 310S ubunzima obuthile 7.98.
3. Umlinganiselo we-400 series yi-7.75.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-23-2022